Interleukin-10 （IL-10） is a key immunoregulatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis. In dogs, IL-10 is produced by various immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and T cells, and functions as an anti-inflammatory cytokine by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and suppressing immune cell activation. IL-10 is involved in regulating immune tolerance, controlling excessive inflammation, and promoting tissue repair in dogs. Studies on canine IL-10 have focused on its role in infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, and cancer, highlighting its importance in canine health and disease.